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Cellular mechano-sensitivity - a new paradigm in the understanding of learning and memory
Cellular mechano-sensitivity - a new paradigm in the understanding of learning and memory Taher Saif Willett Faculty Scholar, Professor Mechanical Science & Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana 4:15 PM November 15, 2007 The Clark Auditorium Memory and learning in animals is mediated by neurotransmission at the synaptic junctions (end point of axons). Neurotransmitters are carried by synaptic vesicles, which cluster at the junctions, ready to be dispatched for transmission. The more a synapse is used, higher is the clustering, and higher is the neurotransmission efficiency (plasticity), i.e., the junction "remembers" its use in the near past, and modifies accordingly. This usage dependent plasticity offers the basic mechanism of memory and learning. A central dogma in neuroscience is that, clustering is the result of a complex biochemical signaling process. We show, using nano scale force sensors and fruit fly (Drosophila) embryo nervous system, that mechanical tension in axons is essential for clustering. Without tension, clustering disappears, but reappears with application of tension. Nature maintains a rest tension of 1nN in axons of Drosophila embryos. The study offers opens new possibilities in the engineering of learning and memory into synthetic systems. Furthermore, it adds to the increasing body of evidence on cellular mechano-sensitivity and on the role of mechanical environment in influencing fundamental life processes. For those of you unfamiliar with the Clark Center, it is located on Campus Drive West between Via Ortega and Roth Way. To view it on the interactive Stanford campus map, go to: http://campus-map.stanford.edu/index.cfm?ID=07-340
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